The true cost of climate change is much higher than previously thought, especially when considering damage to our oceans. A new study from the University of California, San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography reveals that the economic impact of greenhouse gas emissions nearly doubles once ocean-related damages are included. This is the first time scientists have factored in ocean losses when calculating the social cost of carbon, a key measure of climate-related economic harm.

Reevaluating the Cost of Climate Change

For decades, estimates of climate change’s economic toll have largely ignored the ocean’s role. Traditionally, models focused on direct impacts like extreme weather and rising temperatures, but overlooked how oceans suffer from warming, acidification, and habitat loss. This new research shows that ignoring ocean damage has led to significant underestimations of climate costs.

Including ocean damages raises the estimated global cost of greenhouse gas emissions to nearly twice previous figures—about $2 trillion annually. This includes losses from coral reef destruction, disrupted fisheries, and damage to coastal infrastructure. Recognizing these impacts shifts how we should think about climate finance and mitigation strategies.

Impacts on Oceans and Economies

Coral reefs, often called the rainforests of the sea, are particularly vulnerable. Their decline not only affects marine biodiversity but also harms tourism and fishing industries that billions of people depend on. Fisheries disruption means less food and income for communities worldwide, especially in developing nations.

Coastal infrastructure also faces increased risk from rising seas and stronger storms. Flooded ports, damaged homes, and eroded beaches require massive investments to repair and protect. When these costs are added to the overall picture, the economic stakes of climate change become even clearer.

Bernardo Bastien-Olvera, who led the study, emphasizes that ocean loss is not just an environmental issue. It’s a core component of the economic story of climate change. Ignoring the ocean’s role has led to an incomplete understanding of the true costs involved.

This new perspective calls for a reevaluation of climate policies. Governments and organizations might need to allocate more resources toward ocean conservation and adaptation efforts. Protecting marine ecosystems could be a key part of reducing overall climate-related damages and costs.

By incorporating ocean damage into economic assessments, scientists and policymakers can develop more accurate models. This could lead to stronger commitments to cut emissions and invest in sustainable practices that safeguard both the planet and our economies.

Ultimately, understanding the full scope of climate change’s impact—including the ocean—is essential for making informed decisions. The study’s findings highlight the urgent need to consider ocean health as a vital part of the global climate strategy.

Inspired by

• https://arstechnica.com/science/2026/01/ocean-damage-nearly-doubles-the-cost-of-climate-change/

Sources

• nature.com
• insideclimatenews.org
• globalcarbonbudget.org
• insideclimatenews.org
• insideclimatenews.org